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Pepper Black

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(Piper nigrum)
Traditionally used to support healthy digestion, bone, joint, nerve and pancreas function, to stimulate metabolism and ease minor aches and pains.

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  •    Info
Black Pepper
Piper nigrum
Plant Origin: India
Method: Steam distilled from fruit
Cultivation: Unsprayed (grown organically but not certified)
Chemical Family: Monoterpene
Aroma: Crisp, peppercorn
Note (Evaporation Rate): Base-Middle
Key Constituents from GC/MS Analysis: Lot #108
beta caryophyllene 22.12%
limonene 18.36%
sabinene 1.94%
alpha pinene 18.42%
beta pinene 13.05%
delta-3-carene 10.17%
alpha copaene 0.10%
Safety Information
Children:
 Suitable

Pregnancy/Breastfeeding: Suitable

Medication/Health Issue: There are no known contraindications. To avoid skin sensitization risk, do not use old and oxidized oils.
Therapeutic Uses
Black Pepper essential oil may support, aid, ease, soothe, reduce, calm, relax, promote and/or maintain healthy function of the following:
Anemia 
Anxiety 
Arthritis  
Bacterial infections 
Bruises 
Chilblains 
Circulation 
Digestive Issues (constipation, diarrhea, gas, indigestion, stimulating appetite, Cramps, spasms, colic, nausea)  
Diuretic  
Fatigue  
Fungus 
Headaches caused by infection 
Infection 
Inflammation
Joints, aches and pains 
Metabolism, obesity 
Nerve, pain 
Obesity 
Pain
Pancreas 
Raynaud's
Spasms, uterine 
Stamina 
Muscles, stiff, sore 
Neuropathy, peripheral
Uterine spasms 
Viral infection
Warming

Hopewell Essential Oil Blends containing Black Pepper
Arctic Ice
Chai Spice
Fire Power
Ouch!
Sleepy Time
Tendon Ease
Zest

Research
Olfactory Stimulation Using Black Pepper Oil Facilitates Oral Feeding in Pediatric Patients Receiving Long-term Enteral Nutrition
Abstract 
Patients with severe neurological disorders often require enteral nutrition (EN). Since long-term EN can cause multiple complications, reinstating the oral intake of food is beneficial. Olfactory stimulation using black pepper oil (BPO), a strong appetite stimulant, was reported to facilitate swallowing in older people. Therefore, the effects of olfactory stimulation with BPO were investigated in pediatric patients receiving long-term EN due to neurological disorders. The effects of scenting with BPO for 1 min immediately before every meal were evaluated in ten patients: 4 boys and 6 girls, aged 19-97 months (51 +/- 26 months). The neurological disorders included periventricular leukomalacia (3 patients), hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (3), Costello syndrome (1), Russell-Silver syndrome (1), Miller-Dieker syndrome (1), and cerebral palsy of unknown etiology (1). In eight of these patients, BPO intervention was continued for 3 months. Five of these eight patients showed increases in the amount of oral intake with desirable effects including facilitated swallowing movement, although complete elimination of the need for EN was not achieved. In the other three patients, BPO intervention was not effective; severe cerebral tissue loss, profound malformation or intractable seizures seemed to reduce the efficacy of BPO. In two cases, BPO intervention was discontinued due to cough or because the odor of BPO was unbearable to the family. In conclusion, olfactory stimulation with BPO facilitated oral intake in a subset of patients on long-term EN. BPO stimulation may be useful for facilitating oral intake when used in combination with conventional methods. PMID: 18441508
[HEO's Comment: Consider using a Personal Nasal Inhaler.] 

Inhalation of Vapor from Black Pepper Extract Reduces Smoking Withdrawal Symptoms
Nicotine Research Laboratory (151-S), V.A. Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705
Rose JE, Behm FM
Abstract 
Previous studies have suggested that sensory cues associated with cigarette smoking can suppress certain smoking withdrawal symptoms, including craving for cigarettes. In this study we investigated the subjective effects of a cigarette substitute delivering a vapor of black pepper essential oil. Forty-eight cigarette smokers participated in a 3-h session conducted after overnight deprivation from smoking. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: one group of smokers puffed on a device that delivered a vapor from essential oil of black pepper; a second group puffed on the device with a mint/menthol cartridge, and a third group used a device containing an empty cartridge. Subjects puffed and inhaled ad libitum from the device throughout the session during which no smoking was allowed. Reported craving for cigarettes was significantly reduced in the pepper condition relative to each of the two control conditions. In addition, negative affect and somatic symptoms of anxiety were alleviated in the pepper condition relative to the unflavored placebo. The intensity of sensations in the chest was also significantly higher for the pepper condition. These results support the view that respiratory tract sensations are important in alleviating smoking withdrawal symptoms. Cigarette substitutes delivering pepper constituents may prove useful in smoking cessation treatment.
[HEO's Comment: Consider using a Personal Nasal Inhaler.] 
Application Suggestions (See Essential Oil Usage for more information and a Dilution Chart.)
Topical: Dilute with a carrier oilunscented lotion or unscented cream and apply on area of concern or as desired. Consider using a roll-on applicator for ease of application of prediluted oil.

Since Black Pepper does not have a limiting dilution parameter, we suggest that adults follow the General Guidelines found on the Dilution Chart, which is:
2-3% for daily application
Up to 25% for short-term use

Children: For infants and children, please follow the Dilution Chart on the Babies and Children page.

Inhalation: Diffuse (typically with other oils) or use a personal Nasal Inhaler.

Internal: Black Pepper is suitable for internal use within safe parameters, if such use is deemed appropriate. We feel that internal use is rarely *needed* and should only be used with respect for how concentrated the oils are. HEO does not advocate internal use of essential oils without appropriate knowledge and understanding of how to administer, for what purpose, how much, which essential oils, safety concerns and so on. In our experience, essential oils are generally more effective used topically with proper dilution or inhaled. Kurt Schnaubelt, Ph.D. notes that "French aromatherapy literature contains many references to using oils orally." He goes on to note that "generally 1 drop is always enough when ingesting essential oils." A potential toxicity hazard could occur when untrained people use essential oils orally and ingest too much. Keep in mind that while medical doctors or health care practitioners may prescribe essential oils for internal use, they are trained and experienced in the safe application of essential oils. It is not a matter of using "French" or "British" methods, it's a matter of experience and appropriate application. Click here for more information about internal usage. Click here for more information about internal usage.

Testimonies
The following anecdotal testimonies have not been reviewed by the FDA.
The products mentioned are not intended to diagnose, prevent, treat or cure disease.
Information shared on the HEO website is not intended to be a substitute for medical advice given by your trusted health care provider.
We believe that essential oils are provided by the Lord to support our health and well-being.
The Lord is our wisdom, protector and healer.
(Genesis 1:29-30, Ezekiel 47:12) 
1. My boyfriend has peripheral neuropathy, and he has found HEO’s Neuropathy spray to be helpful on his feet and lower legs. I also purchased Black Pepper oil and mixed that with coconut oil in a roll on applicator. He said the Black Pepper mix helps the best with the nerve pain in his feet. - Grace

2. Most Excellent Experience: Before I placed my most recent order, I emailed customer service for some help. Promptly, I received a call from Lindsay. Her assistance was exceptional, as was her personable attention. Thank you, Lindsay! Additionally, Hopewell shipped same day, and USPS delivered 3 days ahead of the scheduled date. Truly, a most excellent experience! I purchased Black Pepper and Juniperberry to make a warming lotion recipe to apply on my feet at night. - Carol

3. I appreciate your information on ingesting oils. When I turned 50 a few years ago, I believe I was showing signs of Alzheimer’s, as I had trouble completing sentences. I heard how Turmeric combined with Black Pepper helped either break up or dissolve the amyloid plaque in the brain more efficiently than turmeric alone. I began putting a few drops of each under my tongue and I was bowled over at how quickly I recovered. - Brenda  [HEO's Comment: We assume this blend was appropriately diluted for use in her mouth.]

4. My husband was having trouble with word recall and I read the above testimony to him, so he wanted to try it. After about 4 weeks of taking drops of Black Pepper and Turmeric orally, I started noticing improvement, but after 6 weeks he noticed and said he felt like his word recall was much better. It is definitely, noticeably improving. Our blend is 1/4 Black Pepper, 1/4 Turmeric and 1/2 fractionated Coconut oil. He takes 2 drops, twice daily. - Cheryl
 
Safety
Avoid contact with the eyes and other sensitive areas. Essential oils are both lipophilic and hydrophobic. Lipophilic means they are attracted to fat— like the membranes of your eyes and skin. They are also hydrophobic, meaning they do not like water. Applying a carrier oil will create another fat for the essential oil to be attracted to other than the membranes of the eyes or skin. Tisserand suggests: "With essential oils, fatty oil has been suggested as an appropriate first aid treatment, though the advantage of saline [eyewash] is that the eyes can be continually flushed, and this is less easy with fatty oil.” We are not aware of a case where essential oil in the eyes caused permanent injury or long-term discomfort, but if you feel concerned, please call your health care provider. 

Battaglia notes: Black Pepper is non-irritating and non-sensitizing, and there are no contraindications.
References
Battaglia, Salvatore, The Complete Guide to Aromatherapy, 2002, pages 171-172.
Purchon, Nerys; Cantele, Lora, Complete Aromatherapy and Essential Oils Handbook for Everyday Wellness, 2014, pages 40-41.
Tisserand, Robert; Young, Rodney, Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals, Elsevier Health Sciences UK 2nd Edition 2014.
Wildwood, Chrissie, Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Aromatherapy, Bloomsbury Publishing, 1996, page 256.
Worwood, Valerie Ann, The Complete Book of Essential Oils and Aromatherapy, New World Library, 2016, page 572.
 
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May the Lord guide you continually, preserving your health and watering your life when you are dry. May you be like a well-watered garden, like an ever-flowing spring full of hope for your future in His care.
From Isaiah 58:11 & Jeremiah 29:11