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Cassia Bark CO2

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(Cinnamomum cassia)
Cassia CO2 contains more of the latent plant properties than the steam distilled Cassia. Traditionally used to soothe minor digestion issues and to support healthy breathing and joint function. 

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Cassia Bark CO2 Extract
Cinnamomum cassia

Plant Origin: China
Method: CO2 bark
Cultivation: Unsprayed (organically grown but not certified)
Chemical Family: Aldehyde
Aroma: Sharp, strong, spicy, sweet, woodsy
Note (Evaporation Rate): Middle-Base
Typical Key Constituents: 
(E)-cinnamaldehyde 77%
(E)-beta caryophyllene 6%
alpha terpineol 4%
eugenol 3%

Cassia CO2 contains more of the latent plant properties than the steam distilled Cassia. Traditionally used to soothe minor digestion issues and to support healthy breathing and joint function. Cassia's aroma is very similar to Cinnamon Bark, but they are chemically quite different. For more information about the CO2 process, see bottom of page.
The following information pertains to Cassia Bark steam distilled essential oil. There is currently no information about the CO2
Safety Information
Children: 
Not suitable for children under 2 years old (potential skin irritant)

Pregnancy/Breastfeeding: Not suitable

Medication/Health Condition: Caution Orally: Diabetes and Anticoagulant medication (such as aspirin, heparin, warfarin), Hemophilia Peptic Ulcer, Internal bleeding, and other Bleeding disorders, Major Surgery and Childbirth (up to one week before or after), Severe Hepatic (liver) or Renal (kidney) impairment, Hypertensive or Diabetic Retinopathy, Thrombocytopenia (decreased platelet count), Vasculitis
[Contraindicated orally because Cassia "may inhibit platelet aggregation based on in vitro data either for the oil or a major constituent." Essential Oil Safety ​by Tisserand/Young, page 117.] 
Therapeutic Uses
Cassia Bark CO2 extract may support, aid, ease, soothe, reduce, calm, relax, promote and/or maintain healthy function of the following:
Arthritis 
Calming 
Candida 
Circulatory 
Colds 
Colic 
Diarrhea  
Digestion, colic, diarrhea, gas, indigestion, nausea, vomiting 
Flatulence 
Flu 
Fungal, infection 
Hemorrhaging, external, internal, uterine 
infection, colon, kidneys, urethra, urinary 
Joints 
Menstrual, cramps, drowsiness, headaches, nausea 
Mental Clarity 
Metabolism 
Nausea 
Nervous system 
Oral, gums 
Ringworm 
Uplifting

Hopewell Essential Oil Blend containing Cassia CO2
His Garments

Aromatherapy Literature Notes
Cassia is a Biblical plant and was mentioned in one of the oldest medical records in Egypt. Cassia has been used for indigestion, gas, colic, diarrhea, rheumatism, colds and flu (Lawless).

Supercritical CO2 extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum: chemical characterization and antityrosinase activity.

Application Suggestions (See Essential Oil Usage for more information and a Dilution Chart.)

Topical: Cassia contains 75-90% cinnamaldehyde which is the cause of the Cassia's potent dermal sensitizer and irritant. It is not recommened for use on the skin at more than 0.05%. Dilute appropriately if using topically. Dilute with a carrier oilunscented lotion or unscented cream and apply on area of concern or as desired. Consider using a roll-on applicator for ease of application of prediluted oil.

Children: Not suitable for children under 2 years old (potential skin irritant). Don't exceed the 0.05% maximum topical use.

Inhalation: Diffuse (may irritate the nasal membranes if inhaled directly from diffuser or bottle).

Internal: Cassia CO2 is suitable for internal use within safe parameters, if such use is deemed appropriate. Due to the potential skin irritating properties in Cassia, Dr. Kurt Schnaubelt feels the preferred mode of use is internally, ideally taken by capsule diluted with a suitable carrier oil. We feel that internal use is rarely *needed* and should only be used with respect for how concentrated the oils are. HEO does not advocate internal use of essential oils without appropriate knowledge and understanding of how to administer, for what purpose, how much, which essential oils, safety concerns and so on. In our experience, essential oils are generally more effective used topically with proper dilution or inhaled. Kurt Schnaubelt Ph.D. notes that "French aromatherapy literature contains many references to using oils orally." He goes on to note that "generally 1 drop is always enough when ingesting essential oils." A potential toxicity hazard could occur when untrained people use essential oils orally and ingest too much. Keep in mind that while medical doctors or health care practitioners may prescribe essential oils for internal use, they are trained and experienced in the safe application of essential oils. It is not a matter of using "French aromatherapy" or "British" methods, it's a matter of experience and appropriate application." Click here for information about internal usage. Maximum Adult Oral Dose is 200mg, or about 6 drops.

Safety
Pregnancy/Breastfeeding: Avoid use.

Dermal Caution: Cassia contains 75-90% cinnamaldehyde that is the cause of the Cassia's potent dermal sensitizer and irritant. It is not recommened for use on the skin at more than 0.05%. Avoid topical use on hyersensitive, diseased or damaged skin and on children under 2 years of age.

Oral Caution: Diabetes medication, anticoagulant medication, major surgery, peptic ulcer, hemophilia and other bleeding disorders.

Avoid contact with the eyes and other sensitive areas. Essential oils are both lipophilic and hydrophobic. Lipophilic means they are attracted to fat— like the membranes of your eyes and skin. They are also hydrophobic, meaning they do not like water. Applying a carrier oil will create another fat for the essential oil to be attracted to other than the membranes of the eyes or skin. Tisserand suggests: "With essential oils, fatty oil has been suggested as an appropriate first aid treatment, though the advantage of saline [eyewash] is that the eyes can be continually flushed, and this is less easy with fatty oil.” We are not aware of a case where essential oil in the eyes caused permanent injury or long-term discomfort, but if you feel concerned, please call your health care provider. 
References
Battaglia, Salvatore, The Complete Guide to Aromatherapy, 2002, pages 146 and 319.
Lawless, J. The Encyclopedia of Essential Oils,1992.
Purchon, Nerys; Cantele, Lora, Complete Aromatherapy and Essential Oils Handbook for Everyday Wellness, 2014, page 18.
Tisserand, Robert; Young, Rodney, Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals, Elsevier Health Sciences UK 2nd Edition 2014, pages 152-153, 235-236.
Worwood, Valerie Ann, The Complete Book of Essential Oils and Aromatherapy, New World Library, 2016, page 635.

What is CO2?
CO2 extracted oils are high-quality oils extracted using carbon dioxide in liquid form, as the solvent. Carbon dioxide is a gas under normal atmospheric conditions, but under certain conditions of low temperature and high pressure, Carbon Dioxide can be forced to become a liquid. In the liquid phase CO2 becomes a very safe and effective solvent that allows all the desirable active constituents of a plant to be collected without the risk of heat degradation. Once the desired extraction is complete, the extraction vessel is brought back to normal atmospheric conditions, and the CO2 rapidly converts back to a gas and dissipates, leaving behind a very high-quality aromatic product that is the true, unchanged essence of the plant and completely free of solvent! CO2 Selects are obtained at lower pressures and more closely compare to the volatility of essential oils since less of the heavier waxy materials are extracted. CO2 Totals are obtained at higher pressures to get out the volatiles along with the heavier molecules and plant waxes that would not be seen in essential oils. These will typically be thicker. CO2 extracted oils are the closest representation of the natural plant ever achieved.

CO2 (hypercritical carbon dioxide) extraction is a relatively new process. These extracts contain most of the same constituents as their essential oil counterparts, although they also contain elements not found in steam distilled essential oils. For example, steam distilled Ginger does NOT contain the bitter constituents, whereas the CO2 extract does.

Disadvantages are:
1) Cost
2) Potential pesticide residue - Guba notes that CO2 extraction “has been demonstrated to concentrate from 7 to 53 times more pesticide residues in the final extract.” Therefore, it’s important to only use plant material that is grown organically.
3) Lack of information regarding their safety and therapeutic benefits
Guba, R. (2002). The Modern Alchemy of Carbon Dioxide Extraction. International Journal of Aromatherapy 12 (3), 120-126)
 
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